Difference Between Roman Republic and Roman Empire (With Table)

Roman Republic was the period started after the Etruscans left Rome in 509 BC to 27 BC. The citizen adopted the Republic form of government to established the work system. The citizens of the Roman republic used Latin as their official language and followed Roman polytheism as their religion. The Roman Republic government was resolved in 27 BC, and Roman Empire gets established.

Roman Empire was the period from 27 BC to 476 AD. The first emperor or the ruler of the reign was the adopted son of Julius Caesar, known as Augustus. The successor of Augustus never took the title of the emperor or the ruler; instead, they insisted on being called or known as the first citizen of Rome. The official language of the Roman Empire was the Greek and Latin language.

Comparison Table Between Roman Republic and Roman Empire

What is Roman Republic?

The reign of the Roman Republic was from 509 BC to 27 BC. The reign of the Roman republic lasted till the Roman Empire was established in 27 BC. The Roman Republic government was established after Etruscan left Rome in 509 BC. Thus to form a system, people decided to accept the Republic system, which is still now used by the United States.

The Republic government includes the elected representatives from the society but still, the society plays a vital role. It is unlike that of the democratic form of government. During the late Roman Republic times, the government classified three types of citizens – full citizens were allowed to vote, marry freeborn, and practice commerce, the second type of citizens, wasn’t allowed to have a public office or cast vote, but still, they were allowed to practice other rights, the third type of citizens wasn’t allowed to practice any of the rights.

The official language used by the citizens was Latin. The people during the reign practiced the roman polytheism religion.

What is Roman Empire?

The reign of the Roman Empire was from 27 BC to 476 AD. It was following the period of roman republican faced by Ancient Rome. The areas covered by Ancient Rome was around North America, Europe, and West Asia. While the Roman Empire period was going on, the city experienced the most stability along with the highest territorial expanse in the first two centuries.

The Roman Empire was based on the absolute monarchy system, and thus the first emperor or the ruler of Ancient Rome was the adopted son of Julius Caesar, name Augustus. Also, he never accepted the ruler’s title, and nor did his successor; they only claimed to be the first citizen of Rome.

The city accepted Greek and Latin as their official language. The religion followed by the people living in Ancient Rome during the reign of the Roman Empire was inspired by the Imperial cult polytheism. Although the city followed the monarchy system but still the emperor was threatened by the Palmyrene Empire, and Gallic Empire broke the monarchy empire, which led to the empire being run by small empires.

Also, during the period in Ancient Rome established two courts: Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire, where later the western roman empire collapsed while the eastern roman empire survived.

Main Differences Between Roman Republic and Roman Empire

1. The ruling period of the roman republic period was from 509 BC to 27 BC, whereas comparatively, on the other hand, the ruling period of the Roman empire was from 27 BC to 476 AD.
2. The official language used by the people living in the period of the Roman republic was Latin, whereas comparatively, on the other hand, the official language used by the people during the period of the Roman empire was the Greek language and the Latin language. 
3. The religion practiced by the people during the Roman republic period was the Roman polytheism religion, whereas comparatively, on the other hand, the religion practiced by the people during the Roman empire was the imperial cult polytheism. 
4. During the reign of the roman republic, the constitutional republic was the governance type, whereas comparatively, on the other side, during the reign of the Roman empire, there was the absolute monarchy system.
5. The predecessor of the roman republic was the Roman kingdom, whereas comparatively, on the other side, the predecessor of the Roman empire was the Roman republic. 
6. The successor of the roman republic was the Roman empire, whereas comparatively, on the other side, the successor of the Roman empire was the Western and Eastern Empire. 

Conclusion

The history of Ancient Rome is diverse with many emperors, wars, laws establishment, its civilizations, etc. The modern world is much influenced by the history of Ancient Rome. Even though the present United States follows the Roman Republic type of government.

The Roman Republic and Roman Empire were the two events in the history of Rome that lasted a very huge impact. The two get established after the state gets free from the Etruscan after hundreds of years of slavery. For the proper functioning and governing, people decided to adopt the Roman Republic form, which lasted from 509 BC to 27 BC, and then in the same period of 27 BC, the Roman Empire gets its establishment and lasted up to 476 AD.

References

1. https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/113428/mmubn000001_052672816.pdf
2. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400834907/html
3. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=BXf5bkC3r5YC&oi=fnd&pg=PR12&dq=difference+between+roman+republic+and+roman+empire&ots=JIUXwN0fZX&sig=pGUng56MTgdJ1lEJmc2NV8F70uE&redir_esc=y
4. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=XJ6_BwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=difference+between+roman+republic+and+roman+empire&ots=l2nGZkKkVy&sig=tdaC44jwnblVXGbqyo3wB2IVRCY