Hypertension is a very prevalent illness that may or may have not any cause behind it. In some cases, it can be due to any underlying cause. However, hypertension is broadly divided into primary and secondary hypertension. It is based on knowing or unknown cause of the illness. Moreover, it can be chronic as it damages the heart and blood vessels and it doesn’t show any symptoms. It can be fatal.
Primary vs Secondary Hypertension
The main difference between primary and secondary hypertension is that primary hypertension is defined as high blood pressure above 130 over 80 without any known cause. Meanwhile, secondary hypertension is defined as high blood pressure above 130 over 80 with a known cause. Secondly, Primary hypertension is quite common, while secondary hypertension is rare. Thirdly, Primary hypertension is common in 85% of people with high blood pressure. Meanwhile, secondary hypertension is prevalent in 15% or fewer people with high blood pressure. Fourthly, Primary hypertension is very common in family history, while secondary hypertension is not common among family history. Lastly, High BMI is usually associated with primary hypertension, while it doesn’t associate with secondary hypertension.
Primary hypertension is defined as high blood pressure above 130 over 80 without any known cause. It is very common and is prevalent in 85% of people with high blood pressure. Moreover, it is common in an individual’s family history. Usually, it is also associated with high BMI. Furthermore, the cause of primary hypertension is unknown. Since the cause is unknown, thus it is not possible to cure it.
Secondary hypertension is defined as high blood pressure above 130 over 80 with any known cause. It is very rare and is prevalent in 15% or fewer people with high blood pressure. Moreover, it is usually uncommon in an individual’s family history. Usually, it is not associated with high BMI. Furthermore, the cause of secondary hypertension is known. therefore, it is possible to cure the condition.
Comparison Table Between Primary and Secondary Hypertension
| Parameters of comparison | Primary Hypertension | Secondary Hypertension |
| Definition | Primary hypertension is defined as high blood pressure above 130 over 80 without any known cause. | Secondary hypertension is defined as high blood pressure above 130 over 80 with a known cause. |
| Common | Primary hypertension is quite common. | Secondary hypertension is rare. |
| Prevalent | Primary hypertension is common in 85% of people with high blood pressure, | Secondary hypertension is prevalent in 15% or fewer people with high blood pressure. |
| Family history | Primary hypertension is very common in family history. | Secondary hypertension is not common among family history. |
| High BMI | High BMI is usually associated with primary hypertension. | It doesn’t associate with secondary hypertension. |
What is Primary Hypertension?
Hypertension is very common among people. However, there are two types of hypertension; primary hypertension and secondary hypertension based on the known or unknown causes. Primary hypertension is also known as idiopathic hypertension.
It is defined as high blood pressure above 130 over 80 without any known causes. The symptoms associated with primary hypertension are severe headaches, vision problems, and dizziness. Although, noticeable symptoms were only observed at a higher level of blood pressure.
For diagnosis, a patient’s reading is noted three to four times, as well as possible causes, are checked. However, there are usually no known causes are traced, but there is sometimes a family history of hypertension present.
Due to a family history of hypertension, a child of that family is most likely to have hypertension. Therefore, it is a risk factor of having a family history of hypertension. Even a high BMI can lead to hypertension. Additionally, high salt intake and genes are all risk factors in the case of hypertension.
Primary hypertension is not curable as there’s no known cause. But, the symptoms can be maintained at a healthier level, so it doesn’t interfere with normal life.
Moreover, the treatment includes medications to lower blood pressure. Besides, lifestyle changes and exercise also help in maintaining it. And, a lower intake of salt is considered an imminent change.
What is Secondary Hypertension?
Secondary hypertension is another type of hypertension that is very rare and is 15% or fewer people with high blood pressure. It is defined as high blood pressure above 130 over 80 with any known cause.
The symptoms associated with primary hypertension are blurry vision, feeling of unsteadiness, bad headache, and dizziness. Although, symptoms were only evident at a higher level of blood pressure.
For diagnosis, a patient’s reading is noted three to four times, as well as possible causes, are checked. However, there is usually a known cause behind secondary hypertension. Thus, the cause can be vascular problems of renal arteries and kidney diseases. Additionally, there can be other causes, such as adrenal tumors, excess alcohol consumption, and oral contraceptives.
Besides, it is usually uncommon in an individual’s family history. Usually, it is not associated with high BMI. Thus, genes are usually not one of the factors, but high salt intake can worsen the situation.
Mostly, people with adrenal problems, thyroid gland, and kidney issues can lead to secondary hypertension. Additionally, alcohol consumption and oral contraceptive can also be risk factors.
Secondary hypertension is curable as there is a known cause. If the cause is cured, sometimes secondary hypertension gets completely cured with it. Moreover, the treatment includes blood pressure medications.
Main Differences between Primary and Secondary Hypertension
Hypertension is a very common illness that can be very chronic if not left unmanaged. It causes damages to the heart and blood vessels with no symptoms. They are divided into two categories: primary and secondary hypertension based on causes. Primary and secondary hypertension is different from each other, however, people can’t tell them apart due to their shared similarities.
- Primary hypertension is defined as high blood pressure above 130 over 80 without any known cause. Meanwhile, secondary hypertension is defined as high blood pressure above 130 over 80 with a known cause.
- Primary hypertension is quite common, while secondary hypertension is rare.
- Primary hypertension is common in 85% of people with high blood pressure. Meanwhile, secondary hypertension is prevalent in 15% or fewer people with high blood pressure.
- Primary hypertension is very common in family history, while secondary hypertension is not common among family history.
- High BMI is usually associated with primary hypertension, while it doesn’t associate with secondary hypertension.
Conclusion
Hypertension is a common condition that, if not treated, can become chronic. It affects the heart and blood vessels without causing any symptoms. Based on the causes, they are categorized into two categories: primary and secondary hypertension. Although primary and secondary hypertension is distinct, due to their common features, most individuals are unable to distinguish between them.
Primary hypertension is high blood pressure that is more than 130 over 80 without a recognized cause. It’s highly common, with 85 percent of persons with high blood pressure having it. Furthermore, it is frequent in a person’s family history. It’s usually linked to having a high BMI. Furthermore, there is no recognized etiology of primary hypertension. Because the reason is unknown, there is no way to treat it.
Secondary hypertension is described as blood pressure levels that are higher than 130 over 80 without an identified cause. It is extremely uncommon, occurring in about 15% of persons with high blood pressure. Furthermore, it is unusual in a person’s family history. It is not usually linked to a high BMI. The reason for secondary hypertension is also recognized. As a result, the problem can be treated.
References
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/01.hyp.16.1.89
- https://www.bmj.com/content/2/6035/554.short