In today’s world, crime is increasing at an exponential rate. Fraud and theft are two types of crimes that are committed by a large variety of people. People often get confused between the two since their fundamentals are similar. However, they have a lot of differences, especially in terms of their purpose, forcefulness, planning, etc.
Fraud vs Theft
The main difference between fraud and theft is that fraud is when a person makes an unlawful misrepresentation resulting in a disadvantage of another person, whereas theft is the acquiring another person’s properties without their consent. Fraud is just a misrepresentation of facts and rarely involves force. However, theft usually always involves forcefulness.
Fraud is defined as an intentional act (or omission to act) with the intent of getting an illegal benefit, either for oneself or for the institution, by deception, misleading recommendations, suppression of facts, or other unethical techniques that others believe and rely on. Using any of the methods described above to deprive another person or institution of a benefit to which he/she/it is entitled also constitutes fraud.
Theft is defined as the unlawful taking of another person’s property or services without their permission or consent in order to deprive the rightful owner of them. Different types of stealing offenses are defined by statutes. The most fundamental distinction between sorts of theft is between petty theft and big theft.
Comparison Table Between Fraud and Theft
| Parameters of Comparison | Fraud | Theft |
| Meaning | Fraud is making an unlawful and deliberate misrepresentation resulting in a real disadvantage or potential disadvantage of another person. | Theft is the unlawful, deliberate taking of a material movable object that belongs to somebody else and is in the possession of somebody else; or belongs to somebody else and is in the possession of the doer. |
| Example | If a person writes out another person’s cheque and then tenders it for payment. | If a person enters a shop, takes a shirt, and leaves without paying. |
| Planning | Fraud is more elaborate and planned out | Theft is known during the act and shortly before committing the act. |
| Purpose | Another individual may be damaged, take money or other valuable things | Crime against property, personal benefit |
| Forcefulness | Fraud is usually not forceful. | Theft is mostly forceful or involves a lot of stealth. |
What is Fraud?
Fraud is defined as intentionally deceptive behavior that is intended to provide the offender with an unlawful gain or to deprive a victim of their right. Fraud includes bankruptcy evasion, wire fraud, securities fraud, credit card fraud, and tax evasion. Fraudulent behavior can be conducted by a single individual, a group of individuals, or an entire business.
Fraud is defined as the purposeful withholding of critical information or the making of false representations to another party in order to get something that would not have been provided without the deception.
Fraud is defined as deception with the goal to benefit illegally or unethically at the expense of another. In finance, fraud can take many forms, such as filing fraudulent insurance claims, falsifying financial records, pump and dump scams, and identity theft leading to unlawful transactions.
Both states and the federal government have laws making fraud a felony, albeit not every fraudulent behavior result in a criminal trial. Prosecutors for the government frequently have extensive discretion in deciding whether a case should proceed to trial and may instead negotiate a settlement if it leads to faster and less expensive completion.
Some examples of fraudulent acts can be embezzlement, forgery, alteration of documents, fraudulent financial reporting, ethics violations, etc.
What is Theft?
The physical removal of an object capable of being stolen without the owner’s consent with the goal of permanently depriving the owner of it is characterized as theft. It is not necessary for the thief to intend to keep the property; simply burning, selling, or abandoning the things right after obtaining is just for the purpose of making its recovery unobtainable is reason enough.
For example, automobile theft includes first stealing the car and then selling it or even its components. In other circumstances, the desire to temporarily deprive the owner of the item suffices, such as when a thief steals a car to take it on a “joyride” and just abandons it in the end for the owner to find.
The term theft is sometimes used as a synonym or informal shorthand phrase for other property crimes, including larceny, blackmail, robbery, extortion, and receiving stolen things.
In certain countries, theft is equivalent to larceny, whilst in others, theft is defined narrowly. A thief is someone who commits a heinous act of theft.
One of the main things that differentiate theft from other crimes that involve stealing is that it is usually done by force and requires a lot of stealth.
Main Differences Between Fraud and Theft
- Fraud is making an unlawful and deliberate misrepresentation resulting in a real disadvantage or potential disadvantage of another person. On the other hand, theft is the unlawful, deliberate taking of a movable material object that belongs to somebody else and is in possession of somebody else; or belongs to somebody else.
- An example of fraud can be when a person writes out another person’s cheque and then tenders it for payment. An example of theft can be when a person enters a shop, takes a shirt, and then leaves without paying.
- Fraud tends to be more elaborate and well planned out, whereas theft is usually spontaneous and spur of the moment and has very minimal planning.
- The purpose of fraud is for a person to damage another person’s property by either taking their money or other valuable things with means of deception. The purpose of theft is that it is a crime against property done for personal benefit.
- Fraud is usually not forceful, whereas theft requires a lot of force and stealth.
Conclusion
Fraud is defined as making an unlawful and purposeful misrepresentation that results in the actual or potential detriment of another person.
However, theft is defined as the unlawful, intentional taking of a tangible movable object that belongs to someone else and is in possession of someone else; or belongs to someone else.
References
- http://asbbs.org/files/2016/JBBS_28.2_Fall_2016.pdf#page=105
- https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781843929338-22/identity-theft-fraud-russell-smith