NRE and NRO accounts are two types of accounts a person can take into consideration as an NRI (Non-Resident Indian). The accounts are equally notable and convenient choices for an NRI to save and transfer money to India. Even though both the accounts can be opened by NRIs and have some similarities, they vary in many ways.
NRE vs NRO Account
The main difference between an NRE account and an NRO account is that they exist for two different purposes. The NRE (Non-Resident External) Account allows an NRI (Non-Resident Indian) to transfer foreign funds or earnings to India in an Indian denomination. On the other hand, an NRO (Non-Resident Ordinary) Account allows an NRI to park or manage the income earned in India in the Indian denomination.
The NRE (Non-Resident External) Account is an account that allows an NRI to transfer foreign funds or earnings to India in an Indian denomination. The money deposited in this account gets converted immediately into rupee currency once deposited. This account provides conversion facilities allowing deposits in any currency to be converted into Indian rupees. Deposits in NRE accounts are freely repatriable and are also tax-free.
The NRO (Non-Resident Ordinary) Account is an account that allows an NRI to park or manage the income they earn in India in the Indian denomination. The earnings can be in the form of rental income, pension, and dividends. Additionally, the NRO account does allow the withdrawal of money in Indian currency from the account. However, unlike an NRE account, the NRO account does not allow the transferability of funds without restrictions. Having an account like this is ideal for an NRI having income sources in India.
Comparison Table Between NRE and NRO Account
| Parameters of Comparison | NRE Account | NRO Account |
| Acronym | Stands for Non-Residential External Account. | Stands for Non-Residential Ordinary Account. |
| Definition | Allows an NRI to transfer foreign funds or earnings to India in Indian rupees. | Allows an NRI to park or manage the income they earn in India in Indian rupees. |
| Earnings | For saving overseas earnings. | For saving earnings made in India. |
| Tax | Tax-free. Thus, interest and the principal amount earned are not subject to any taxation. | Interest earned from this account is subject to TDS (Tax Deductible at Source) |
| Repatriability | Is repatriable. | The interest and principal amount are repatriable only within the set limits. |
| Fund Transfer | Funds can be transferred to an NRO account. | Does not allow the transfer of funds to an NRE account. |
| Exchange Rate Risk | There is a significant Exchange rate risk in this account. | Not prone to Exchange rate risk. |
What is NRE Account?
An NRE (Non-Resident External) Account is a type of account that allows an NRI to transfer foreign funds or earnings to India in an Indian denomination. The money deposited in this account gets converted immediately into rupee currency once deposited. The account can be in the form of a saving account, a Recurring or Fixed deposit.
The principal amount and interest earned from this account are tax-free. The NRE account also allows the depositors to repatriate their deposits to any country. However, there is a significant Exchange rate risk in an NRE account. Additionally, the transferability of money is almost without restrictions for an NRE account.
With an NRE account, it is possible to transfer funds to an NRO account as well as an NRE account. It provides currency conversion services that allow deposits in any currency to be converted into Indian rupees. Two NRI’s together can open a joint NRE account.
What is NRO Account?
The NRO (Non-Resident Ordinary) Account is an account that allows an NRI to park or manage the income they earn in India in the Indian denomination. The earnings can be in the form of rental income, pension, and dividends. However, in this account amount only be withdrawn if it is in Indian currency.
The principal amount and interest earned from this account are subject to TDS (Tax Deductible at Source). Additionally, the account does not allow free repatriability. The interest and principal amount are repatriable only within the set limits. Unlike an NRE account, the NRO account does not permit the transferability of funds without restrictions.
With an NRO account, it is not possible to transfer funds to an NRE account. It only accepts transfers to an NRO account. The Exchange Rate Risk for this account, however, is without any risk. Having an account like this is ideal for an NRI having income sources in India.
Main Differences Between NRE and NRO Account
- An NRE (Non-Resident External) Account is a type of account that allows an NRI to transfer foreign funds or earnings to India in an Indian denomination. On the other hand, The NRO (Non-Resident Ordinary) Account is an account that allows an NRI to park or manage the income they earn in India in the Indian denomination.
- The NRE account is significantly for overseas earnings, whereas the NRO account is significantly for earning in India.
- NRE earned interest and the principal amount is tax-free, whereas, interest earned in NRO account is subject to TDS (Tax Disposability at Source)
- NRE permits free repatriability of funds, whereas, NRO does not. NRO only allows chargeable repatriability.
- With an NRE account, it is possible to transfer funds to an NRO account as well as an NRE account, whereas, with an NRO account, it is not possible to transfer funds to an NRE account. It only accepts transfers to an NRO account.
Conclusion
NRE and NRO accounts are two types of accounts a person can take into consideration as an NRI (Non-Resident Indian). The accounts are equally notable and convenient choices for an NRI to save and transfer money to India. Even though both the accounts can be opened by NRIs and have some similarities, they vary in many ways.
The NRE (Non-Resident External) Account is an account that allows an NRI to transfer foreign funds or earnings to India in an Indian denomination. The principal amount and interest earned from this account are tax-free. The NRE account also allows the depositors to repatriate their deposits to any country. This account provides conversion facilities allowing deposits in any currency to be converted into Indian rupees.
The NRO (Non-Resident Ordinary) Account is an account that allows an NRI to park or manage the income they earn in India in the Indian denomination. The principal amount and interest earned from this account are subject to TDS (Tax Deductible at Source). Additionally, the account does not allow free repatriability. Having an account like this is ideal for an NRI having income sources in India.
The main difference between NRE and NRO accounts is that they significantly differ in their purposes.
References
- https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2119769
- http://management.nrjp.co.in/index.php/JBMFS/article/view/481