Nowadays, life has become unpredictable. No one knows what is going to happen in another fraction of seconds, minutes, or hours. Therefore, everyone wants to be well prepared for tackling them. For ensuring and securing their and their family’s future, people tend to invest their money in different ways, such as – taking insurance policies, fixed deposits, health claims, premium bonds, investing in mutual funds and the stock market, etc. Thus, Yield to Call (YTC) and Yield to Maturity (YTM) is the terms related to it.
Yield to Maturity vs Yield to Call
The main difference between Yield to Maturity (YTM) and Yield to Call (YTC) is that Yield to Maturity (YTM) is the total amount received by a person after maturation while Yield to Call (YTC) is a form of callable bond which can be paid off early by the person.
Yield to Maturity (YTM) is the bonds received by the person after the completion of the actual maturation date. The yield of these matured bonds is higher than the yield of the bonds that are called off earlier because of whatsoever reason. Yield to maturity can be calculated by financial calculators, which are also present on the internet.
Yield to Call (YTC) is the type of bond that can be called off before their maturation. These bonds are taken aback by the issuers, which may be – the authority, municipality, corporation, etc. These bonds are a bit cheaper for the person as they tend not to pay the interest and call them off before their actual maturation day.
Comparison Table Between Yield to Maturity and Yield to Call
| Parameters of Comparison | Yield to Maturity | Yield to Call |
| Definition | Total return received by the person after the maturation of their bonds. | It is a type of callable bond which a person decided to pay off early from its maturity. |
| Length of Maturity | Valid if the bond is continued till maturity. | Only valid if the bond is called as before maturity. |
| Factors | It is based on the coupon rate, time length till maturity, market price. | It is based on the calculation of coupon rate, time length till call date, market price. |
| Concept Applicable | It applies to non-callable bonds Only if the bond is called a bond. | Only if the bond is called a bond. |
| Annual Rate | It is expected to be 12.36%. | It is expected to be 13.75%. |
What is Yield to Maturity?
Yield to Maturity is a term used when a person receives all his/her total payment after the maturation of bonds. This type of bond is considered to be long-term as they last till maturity. It is also called “redemption yield” or “book yield.”
Yield to Maturity (YTM) is often compared to the current yield because it measures the cash inflows of a bond at the current market price, which an individual can invest, and how much money they can make. Yield to Maturity bonds has the most significant assumption that if you collect your investment money half-yearly, you reinvest the money.
The formula for calculating Yield to Maturity is given below:
Yield to Maturity (YTM) = {Coupon Payment + (Face Value – Purchase Price/Number of Year till Maturation Period)} / {Face Value + Purchase Price/2}
What is Yield to Call?
Yield to Call (YTC) can be called the callable bonds, which can be called off or away before their maturation time. The bonds are issued by – authorities, corporations, municipality, etc. These bonds are considered cheaper for some of their bond-holders because they do not pay the interest on time and call them away before the final date.
These bonds are readily available to be called off. If the interest rates of these bonds fell, then the authorities pay outstanding debt and try to get finance at a lower rate.
Yield to Call (YTC) is calculated on approximation as no one knows when a person may call them off. The formula for calculating Yield to Call (YTC) is –
P = (Annual Coupon Payment / 2) x {(1 – (1 + Yield to Call / 2) ^ – 2 × Number of years remaining until the call date) / (Yield to Call/2)} + (Call Price / (1+Yield to Call/2) ^ 2 × Number of years remaining until the call date)
The above formula seems a bit complicated, but it isn’t as it seems. Although it won’t help calculate YTC directly, it is mainly suggested to use financial calculators for easy calculations and save time.
Main Differences Between Yield to Maturity and Yield to Call
- Yield to Maturity (YTM) is defined as the full and final return that a person receives after completing the maturity period. In contrast, Yield to Call (YTC) can be defined as the callable bonds that a person receives before the maturity of its bonds by calling them off.
- The longevity of Yield to Maturity (YTM) is said to be up to the maturation date, while the length of the Yield to Call (YTC) is said to be valid before the maturity date.
- Yield to Maturity (YTC) bonds are redeemable after maturity, while Yield to Call (YTC) bonds can be redeemed before maturity.
- The annual rate expected for Yield to Maturity (YTM) is 12.36%, while Yield to Call (YTC) is 13.75%.
- The applicability concept for both the terms is that it is applicable on non-callable bonds for YTM, while if the bond is called a ‘bond,’ it applies to YTC.
Conclusion
The above terms are related to the various market investments, giving you more details about the investment interest and principal amount. Although both the words are different, one is associated with the early calling off the investment while the other is post maturation. Yield to Maturity (YTM) is something like how much principal amount with interest you received after years of maturation of the bonds. Also, the other names for YTM are “book yield” and “redemption yield”.
In contrast, Yield to Call (YTC) is an easily affordable bond for the investors as if they aren’t paying off their interest. They just called them off before the maturation date.
References
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/2326906?casa_token=FW-yZ93na1kAAAAA%3AhL5gRCtUbYne7UVUxFl6DlRnc0W_k4MwuVgsGDdqSl6shST_N9iupGjVMMx5tab31CS8fjc5UTfFpctj1Im59XEZfL0qMf2vqA2w6dyUpy7D9V_Y95HPlA#metadata_info_tab_contents
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/2352053?casa_token=FD3aMbzb8UAAAAAA%3Afe4R3ni9UvBGsUrkd4H5VLDhCKFByXdTrn1ozsJMXyz9D4Qrg3eplAG6HI1Fx5Pt8csPXjqJYyv-0Qtrw8dhB1eJpoQdqIAY17R1sxYdOEsdTg4wD_SDhw#metadata_info_tab_contents